The Biopower of Beauty Essay -- Literary Analysis, Mimi Thi Nguyen

In â€Å"The Biopower of Beauty: Humanitarian Imperialism and Global Feminism in an Age of Terror,† Mimi Thi Nguyen argues that beauty as a measure of moral character functions to regulate an individual. Nguyen explains that beauty promises to be redemptive and bring an individual from the outside in relation with the world(362). For example, the United States through nongoverenmental orgainizations (NGO’s), have promoted beauty to Afghanistan women because it is a way if liberating them from an uncivilized barbaric society that oppresses them to hide their beauty through the veil. According to Kant, the veil is considered ugly because it hides the body, which is associated with the erotic. Kant claims that beauty made visible is true and good, while the invisible is ugly and erotic (266). Nguyen claims using Kant that beauty is connected to morality because it makes visible what the â€Å"ugly† is trying to hide by providing a pathway in which beauty can impr ove ones life. Nguyen asserts that individuals use beauty as a serious of techniques to produce knowledge and emotions that function to portray the individual with dignity in comparison to the â€Å"ugly†. Thus, the use of beauty as an educational tool that measures their character is an important factor in teaching women to associate themselves with the rest of the world. Nguyen states the programs that NGO’s provide for women who do not have the knowledge to make themselves beautiful, serve as programs of empowerment that are connected to forms of dominance (360). Nguyen claims through beauty, Afghanistan women are suppose to feel a sense of self-worth and agency that was denied to them, while adhering to a set of western ideals of beauty. Nguyen claims this produces individual... ...auty School. From Nguyen, beauty functions in foucauldian terms because the students are made aware about their bodies in relation to the west that forces them to regulate themselves in order to adhere to beauty norms and standards set forth by their instructors. Nguyen contends that the western experts then shape the bodies of the students, who will then shape the bodies of others who also want to be like the west. Since western institutions are in charge of the Kabul Beauty School, the beauty school functions to cultivate women who want to preserve beauty for the sake of their dignity and morality as a tool against the â€Å"ugly† and uncivilized who are not like the west. In conclusion, Nguyen argues that beauty connected to morality justifies the United States intervention within Afghanistan that regulates individuals to accept western culture over their own.

The Children’s Health Fund of New York City

The Children’s Health Fund is a national non-profit organization that was founded on providing health care to the nation’s needy and underprivileged children. The CHF began over 25 years ago by reaching out to homeless kids in New York City and delivering health care through a mobile medical clinic (MMC) driven around the city to locations and neighborhoods seeking out children to provide basic health care to.Over the years, the organization has expanded across the country with MMCs in different cities with the CHF offering a full range of programs, from not only children healthcare, but healthcare for needy families, health education and preventative care, to the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic diseases (â€Å"Health Care for Kids† n. d. ). More recently, the CHF and MMCs have expanded their service to include mobile clinics in response following national disasters and crisis events.The CHF and the mobile health care service it provides has had its number of challenges in implementation over the years. With the main challenge of reaching out and expanding coverage to help those of need, there are several other areas that challenge the organization and its operation. The MMCs face the challenge of accommodating the proper amount of space and medical equipment needed to provide high quality healthcare. This challenge is a goal of each MMC to provide a central home for individuals to receive care and come back to for continued treatment.With this concept presents another challenge in that each MMC need of keeping up to date, and secure medical records for those who visit, so that they may continue to come back for care and treatment when the MMC comes back to their neighborhood or area (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2012). In order to accomplish the goals of meeting these challenges, the CHF must have network systems that can support the operations of running medical equipment and communications networks needed to o perate a MMC.That is why over the years CHF has been working to continue to upgrade and keep their MMCs up to date with the latest technology and communication that can power these mobile healthcare hubs. According to Healthcare IT news, the CHF has recently partnered with Verizon to create its first telemedicine clinic in providing 4G LTE wireless broadband connections to new mobile sites (Monegain, 2013). The CHF and Verizon plan to continue forward in the coming months and continue to deliver new uses of technology to mobile units across the nation.For the CHF to be able to roll out new technology and software to support their mobile units, the organization naturally needs strong financial support. The CHF is very fortunate to have a number of private individuals and corporate partners who help secure funds for the organization. However, a large quantity of financial aid comes from Congress and other government programs. One such government program is the HITECH stimulus. The sti mulus is for healthcare providers that exhibit having meaningful use of certified electronic health records (â€Å"Healthcare IT Index† n.d. ).With EHRs already a practice of the MMCs, the CHF should be entitled to financial assistance that can continue to facilitate software and technology improvement. A common concern with many organizations is whether or not the implementation of new technology and software will cause a loss workers or staff, or if conditions will emerge that will render parts of their operation obsolete. In dealing with the CHF and doctors offices, this is not believed to be the case.With new software applications, doctor office staffs and MMCs will not become obsolete, but will have their jobs reinforced with easier ways to handle patient information and documents (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2012). With help in this area, the staff can shift attention to more important areas such as giving patients the personal care and treatment they nee d. Overall, the CHF is a successful organization that provides valuable services and assistance to many citizens of need in our nation.With its continued focus on quality service, growth, and improvement over the last 26 years, the CHF is a well known entity that many people depend on. With the CHF prepared to continue its legacy and service in years to come, recommendations could be made regarding their future efforts. Continued expansion of their crisis and natural disaster mobile assistance would be desirable action. Just like with the number or under privileged children and their families, natural disaster events will continue to be unfortunately present, and it’s important to help others rebuild and get the necessary assistance when nothing else is available.Also, the CHF as it continues to grow and expand across the US into new cities, the organization needs to continue partnerships with local corporations and medical institutions. These corporations can offer their ser vices and expertise to possibly facilitate the MMCs operations, and working with local medical institutions can help staff MMCs and other locations with med students, nursing students and others in a partnered-learning environment.

Mediation For A Peaceful Way - 1422 Words

In general, in most cases, some conflicts can be handled in various way by not speaking to the other person or walking away. Often times, conflicts happen in the work place so, you can’t avoid the person so, everyone needs to be able to handle conflicts in a peaceful way. In short, there are many ways to solve a dispute which are by arbitration, adjudication, ombudsperson, conciliation and mediation which is the prefer choice. Mediation is the preferred choice because mediation restores communication and help to normalize relationships in a work place so, relationship and identity conflicts can be handle at the lowest level. Tension in the office. In short, majority of people in America’s love their job and because of numerous reasons such as their Equal Opportunity Policy, advancement opportunities, flexible working hours, and a work place that has some policies in place to handle conflicts. After graduating high school, I was looking for the previous those qualities I mention earlier in an employer so, I decided to join the military. While in the military, I learned their structure was what I was looking for, the advancement opportunities were great they had written instruction stating on how to handle any conflicts. During my time in the military, I learned when you advance you’re giving more responsibilities and some of those responsibilities is outside of your job description, but in the military they view it you having the ability to handle multiple assignments.Show MoreRelatedInternational Dispute Settlement : An Inevitable Element Of International Relations963 Words   |  4 Pagesdistinction of a political dispute versus a legal dispute, and those which are justiciable or not. Solving international disputes by peaceful means as opposed to the use of force can be traced back to ancient times. In the last century, however, there has been a trend that has seen these methods become increasingly favoured and institutionalized. This c ommitment of using peaceful settlement rather than resorting to violence is present in many bilateral and multilateral treaties as well as a part of customaryRead MoreCase Case Study : Settling Product Liability Through Mediation1098 Words   |  5 Pagesshould a case go to mediation? Settling product liability through mediation Alternative Dispute Resolution: What are the alternatives ? Mediation of Employment Disputes Note: Use the following keywords for the topics above: Mediation in Little Rock, AR Product liability mediation in Little Rock, AR Alternative Dispute Resolution in Little Rock, AR Employment dispute mediation in Little Rock, AR 250 words When Should a Case Go to Mediation in Little Rock, Arkansas? Mediation in Little Rock, ArkansasRead MoreNegotiation Is Important And Vital Skill Today s Modern World1495 Words   |  6 Pagesand integrative. Distribute negotiation is defined as â€Å"a win or lose negotiation, where sides compete over the distribution of a fixed amount† (Smith). The second sort of negotiation, integrative, is defined as â€Å"a win and win negotiation, that is peaceful and looks at the issue rather than the people† (Smith). Both sort of negotiation is necessary to allow businesses and real life to run smoothly. Within a distributive negotiation, competing is the name of the game. In order to succeed in this sortRead MoreMediation As A Means Of Official Diplomacy And Its Main Features1383 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will briefly define mediation as a means of official diplomacy and its main features, and then further elaborate on the strengths and weaknesses of the process, with an evaluation of a contemporary example of intergovernmental mediation process, i.e. the EU facilitated dialogue between Serbia and Kosovo. By one of its broadest definitions, mediation is â€Å"a process of conflict management, related to but distinct from the parties’ own negotiations, where those in conflict seek the assistanceRead MoreMediation in Community Policing Strategy1699 Words   |  7 Pagesthe associative social processes that can be used as an attempt resolve the conflict. The first mediation concept is well known in the business world. In Indonesia, the concept of public deliberation and consensus are used in any issue. Massive effort to solve the conflict that done by the governments, in this regard is police as security guards and order, are taking the middle way through mediation. This is because too many people who become perpetrators and the police will have difficulty applyingRead MoreMediation and Peacekeeping Agenda in International Relations565 Words   |  2 PagesMEDIATION AND PEACEKEEPING AGENDA In International Relations, mediation and peacekeeping are the very essence of what are international relations itself, international organizations and regional organization like the African Union. First established by the United Nations decades ago, it has played an outstanding role in the peaceful aim and determination of armed conflict around the world. It was at the end of the Cold War that it mostly reached its peak as many long-term conflicts were finallyRead MoreDifference Between Distributive And Mediation1526 Words   |  7 Pagesnegotiation while further explore on such elements can more effective during the negotiation (Han, Kwon, Bae Park, 2012). The aim of this paper is to indicate the meaning of distributive bargaining and mediation with several key features of each strategy. The main differences between distributive and mediation in dispute resolution will elaborate further in this paper. Further, advantages and disadvantages of both strategies will also listed below attached with examples of implying each approach that willRead MoreAdministrative Office Management1080 Words   |  5 PagesI interview Lena Cirillo the administrative manager of Island Arbitration Mediation, Located 236 Mineola Boulevard, Mineola, NY 11501. I got this interview through a friend of mine that knew Lena Cirillo. She gave me her phone number and I called her up the next day. She said that it was okay to interview her, so I made an appointment with her on Friday the17 of December. When I got there they didn t have their own parking lot. It was hard to find parking, and it took me about 15 minutes toRead MoreDifferent Cases In Conflict Management827 Words   |  3 PagesConflict management Latent conflict Scholars indicate that conflict does not just erupt but is built up in stages until it reaches final stage where it erupts and that is the final stage that will then require mediation. The first stage is usually referred to as unstable peace or latent conflict. This is experienced when the groups, people, nations or organizations involved have, some differences that bother one party or even both parties, though the differences are not so grave that theyRead MoreLegislative Development Of Bangladesh For Alternative Dispute Resolution : Problems And Prospects Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopments in Bangladesh as regards ADR and also the problems and prospects of the same. ADR is not a new concept Originally, in ancient India, Alternative Dispute Resolution or ADR, as we know today, was the way disputes were generally settled. The whole village by way of Gram Panchayat used to solve the problems of the villagers by sitting together and mediating the problems faced by the two parties. Since the advent of the modern legal system, this method of dispute settlement has largely

What Was Greek Religion

In a compact phrase, the answer to the basic question is Greek religion was (literally) the tie that binds. However, that misses assumptions made in the preceding paragraph about religion. While the Bible and Koran might refer to old or even ancient religions—certainly Judaism is ancient by any count—they are religions of a different sort. As indicated, they are based on a book that includes a set of prescribed practices and beliefs. In contrast, a contemporary example of an ancient religion not based on a specific book and more like the Greek type is Hinduism. Although there were atheists among the ancient Greeks, Greek religion pervaded community life. Religion was not a separate sphere. People did not take breaks each day or once a week to pray to the gods. There was no synagogue/church/mosque of Greece. There were temples, though, to store the statue of the deities, and the temples would be in the sacred spaces (temene) where public rituals would be carried out. Proper Public Religious Behavior Counted Personal, privately-held belief unimportant or trivial; public, ritual performance mattered. While some practitioners of specific mystery cults may have looked to their religion as a way to attain the Afterlife, entrance to Paradise or Hell did not depend on ones religiosity.Religion dominated most events the ancient Greeks participated in. In Athens, more than half the days of the year were (religious) festivals. The main festivals lent their names to the months. Events that sound secular and like diversions to us, like athletic festivals (e.g., the Olympics), and theatrical performances were held purposefully, to honor specific gods. Going to the theater, therefore, combined Greek religion, patriotism, and entertainment. To understand this, take a look at something similar in modern life: When we sing the national anthem of a country before a sporting event, we honor the national spirit. We, in the U.S., revere the flag as if it were a person and have prescribed rules for how to handle it. The Greeks might have honored their city-states patron deity with a hymn instead of an anthem. Furthermore, the connection between religion and theater lasted beyond the ancient Greeks and into the Christian era. The names of performances in the Middle Ages tell it all: miracle, mystery, and morality plays. Even today, around Christmas, many churches produce nativity plays ... not to mention our idol worship of movie stars. Just as the goddess Venus was the Morning/Evening Star, might not the fact that we call them stars suggest deification Greeks Honored Many Gods The Greeks were polytheists.  Honoring one god would not be viewed as offensive to another god. Although you wouldnt incur the wrath of one god, by honoring another, you had to remember the first one, too. There are cautionary tales of gods offended that their cults were neglected. There were many gods and various aspects of them. Each city had its own particular protector. Athens was named after its main goddess, Athena Polias (Athena of the city). Athenas temple on the Acropolis was called the Parthenon, which means maiden because the temple was the place to honor the virgin goddess aspect, Athena. The Olympics (named in honor of the home of the gods) featured a temple to Zeus and annual dramatic festivals were held to honor the god of wine, Dionysus. Festivals as Public Feasts Greek religion focused on sacrifice and ritual. Priests cut open animals, removed their entrails, burned the appropriate sections for the gods—who didnt really need the mortal food since they had their own divine nectar and ambrosia—and served the remaining meat as a festive treat to the people. The Altar Priestesses poured libations of water, milk, oil, or honey onto a flaming altar. Prayers would be offered for favors or help. The help might be to overcome the wrath of a god angry at an individual or community. Some stories tell of gods offended because they were omitted from a list of gods honored with sacrifice or prayer, while other stories tell of gods offended by humans boasting they were as good as the gods. Such wrath might be demonstrated by the sending of a plague. The offerings were made with the hope and expectation that they would appease the angry god. If the one god wasnt cooperating, another aspect of the same or another god might work better. Contradictions Were Not Considered a Problem Stories told about the gods and goddesses, the mythology, changed over time. Early on, Homer and Hesiod wrote accounts of the gods, as later did playwrights and poets. Different cities had their own stories. Unreconciled contradictions didnt discredit the gods. Again, the aspects play a part. One goddess could be both virgin and mother, for instance. Praying to the virgin goddess for help with childlessness would probably not make as much sense or be as propitious as praying to the maternal aspect. One might pray to a virgin goddess for the safety of ones children when ones city was under siege or, more likely, to help in a boar hunt since the virginal goddess Artemis was associated with the hunt. Mortals, Demi-Gods, and Gods Not only did each city have its protector deity, but its ancestral hero(es). These heroes were the half-mortal offspring of one of the gods, usually Zeus. Many also had mortal fathers, as well as the divine one. Greek anthropomorphic gods lived active lives, primarily different from mortal lives in that the gods were deathless. Such stories about the gods and heroes formed part of the history of a community. Homer and Hesiod have ascribed to the gods all things that are a shame and a disgrace among mortals, stealing and adulteries and deceiving on one another.—Xenophanes

What Is the Appeal of Alcohol - 1662 Words

Alcohol is one of the most abused drugs in the world. Why do people use alcohol in the first place? Many people do experience a relaxed feeling known as a â€Å"buzz,† after having alcohol. They only focus on the pleasurable feeling the alcohol bestows on them. Each person has a different reason for drinking alcohol. Most people want to have an enjoyable time with others and drink. Others may drink to escape stress caused by a tough day in the office or being laid off from the company. Alcoholic parents do not mature decisions and should not be parents. Alcohol makes dealing with children tough, thoughts are slowed and the tendency to overreact to normal actions increases. By partaking in alcohol consumption, risks develop that ordinarily would†¦show more content†¦Jeff Stevens conducted a study on the effects of alcohol from parent to child and discovered, â€Å"Alcoholism can pass from one generation to the next due to the influence of the environment† (Is Al coholism a Disease?). While alcoholism has been proven to not be a genetic disorder, it can be strongly influenced by the environment and the people in it. â€Å"Markus Heilig, director at U.S. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, said, ‘Among alcoholic patients, rates for physical abuse were reported at 24 percent and 33 percent for men and women’† (Everyday Health). Parents are the role models that are supposed to guide young children to a successful future. Often children are not raised properly and are abused. Kenneth Leonard, Ph.D., conducted a study on alcoholic fathers and found, â€Å"The alcohol-abusing fathers were less sensitive in their parenting† (Mental Health). The alcohol tends to lessen the father’s sympathy, so he becomes more aggressive than normal. Physical abuse caused by the father leads to bruises, cuts, broken bones, or emotional scars. To relieve themselves of the pain, the abused children will experiment with alcohol. The escape route the abused children take is alcohol because it takes children to a place where they can be cheerful and away from the abuse. It is a fact that, â€Å"The experience of being abused as a child may increase a person’s risk for alcohol-related problems as an adult† (Alcohol Abuse asShow MoreRelatedDrinking Culture and American Social Norms1318 Words   |  6 Pagesdrinking age in the United States. Thesis Statement: I will discuss 1) the current legal drinking age, 2) the effect that this drinking age has upon American social norms, and 3) the potential benefits of a lower drinking age. I. INTRODUCTION A. Hook: Alcohol is ever-present in today’s American society. Television viewers are constantly bombarded with advertisements promoting its consumption. Social events rarely take place without their attendees drinking some alcoholic beverage or another. However, youngRead MoreAnalysis Of Pursuit Of Happiness By Kid Cudi1736 Words   |  7 Pagescomes together to create the content. An example of the use of the rhetorical triangle would be the song â€Å"Pursuit of Happiness† by Kid Cudi. This song could be interpreted in many different viewpoints based on the way you view the use of drugs and alcohol. One listener can perceive the song as a method of justifying the use of drugs, while the artist can view it as the struggles of a man trying to find true happiness and escaping his problems. With that said the rhetorical triangle could be used inRead MoreThe Drug That Pretends It Isn t By Anna Quindlen1002 Words   |  5 Pagesthe use of alcohol, and mentions the fact that it is very dangerous and should be consired a drug. Guindlen brings up very valid points regarding the alcohol abuse issue. She mentions that users don’t label alcohol as a drug because, they are blind towards the effect it brings on you and don’t realize that when you drink you are not in control of yourself that’s what a drug is. I am completely in agreement with Anna Quindlen and I agree that there should be more control towards alcohol. I am tiredRead MoreHooking Up : What Educators Need For Know954 Words   |  4 PagesIn Kathleen A. Bogle’s essay â€Å"Hooking Up: What Educators need to know† she talks about how in order to address the biggest problems in college campus life, such as alcohol abuse and sexual assaults, educators must first address the new hook-up culture. While Bogle may share several appeals to personal experiences college students go through, the lack of nearly any sources and facts causes the argument not to be a strong one. Being a college student myself, it is very easy to relate to and understandRead MoreDrinking At College Is Becoming An Epidemic1491 Words   |  6 Pagesparents should be notified when their child gets in an alcohol or drug related incident and shows how colleges have evolved to doing just that. In an article by Don Peterson of the Associated Press posted on NBC News we begin to get reaction from students and others towards this new way of keeping parents in the loop. The students’ responses were not very positive. All of these articles share a few commonalities on the broad topic of alcohol. One of the major themes that is shared is an understandingRead MoreVodka 42 Below1405 Words   |  6 Pagescrystal-clear spring flowing through a position just north of Wellington beneath an extinct volcanic area at 42degree of latitude. The name 42 Below vodka tells a story in itself relates to the 42 degree latitude below the equator and product contains 42% of alcohol. The company has typical New Zealand flavors, such as passion Fruit, Feijoa, Manuka honey, and of course, kiwifruit, to its original product line, as well as its 42 South gin.The success of product was its unique flavours and distinctive bottlingRead MoreThe Quality Of An Alcoholic Beverage Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pagesis of high and prestigious quality. At the price of $2.49 per bottle and being widely available at gas stations, and stores like Walmart, it is very accessible to its consumers. However, this ad is not very effective, be cause it lacks any form of appeals that would be capable of connecting to the viewer in any personal way. To begin with, this ad by Coors contain very weak claims that add little or no value to its product in the viewer s eyes. Reason being,Coors’ claims are very similar and indifferentRead MoreThe Effect Wine Causes On Ones Health And Weight1104 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the original scientific study to a broad mass media article while attempting to appeal to the target audience. I recently came across a medical study regarding the effects wine causes on one’s health and weight. This article was geared towards health professionals and was based upon extensive research and studies. However, this information was slightly altered as it went to a newspaper article in order to appeal to the general public. The information was even further distorted when it appearedRead More Crusaders against the Wrong Choices Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowing problem in our country and will most likely get worse before it gets better. According to http://www.madd.org, 41% of all traffic accidents in the country are alcohol-related. In 2002, this added up to a grand total of 17,419 deaths caused by somebody getting behind the wheel of a car while under the influence of alcohol (MADD). Naturally, statistics such as these, if the were presented effectively, would probably make quite a large number of people want to do something about the unnecessaryRead MoreLegal Drinking Age : Should It Be Altered?1408 Words   |  6 PagesShould It Be Altered? The legal drinking age has been an ongoing controversy for decades, consisting of people who are for lowering, raising, or keeping the age with multiple reasons behind each side. It is commonly known that consuming alcohol can have life-threatening effects on the human body, but these effects can be much harsher at a younger age. Reducing the age for eighteen year olds may result in senseless acts from the drug. Statistics prove that maintaining the legal drinking age

Important factors shaping social relationships under the French Free Essays

Social relationships were important components of the French absolute monarchy. Historians agree that to achieve supreme control and national unity, Kings relied heavily on military strength. There is little question that absolutist France came to posses the largest standing army Europe had ever seen. We will write a custom essay sample on Important factors shaping social relationships under the French or any similar topic only for you Order Now Armies made France a powerful state, and the King a powerful ruler. However kings also controlled through non military means, establishing bureaucratic and legal systems and developing an absolutist culture with the King at the centre. These manifestations of absolutism, at raying degrees of significance, helped shape social relationships, and in turn, enforced the absolutist regime. Contrastingly, other historians maintain that the absolute system worked within pre-existing social codes, which were more influential in shaping social relationships. Historians herald the significance of these different factors because they take a variety of historiographer’s approaches. Absolutism redefined the socio-political structures and language of court society. Court cabals and courtesies became important factors that influenced social relationships. Emmanuel Eel Roy Ladies uses the court memoirs of Duct De Saint Simons, to explain the system of court cabals. Ladies explains how the King placed himself at the top of the court hierarchy, and held a number of favorites. L Lower courtiers would group around these powerful Individuals, such as King Louis Xiv wife Madame De Imitation, to gain power, wealth, status and other privileges through association. 2 Saint Simony’s court memoirs are a more traditional historiographer’s source, detailing friendships, marriages and patronage relationships that formed and separated court cabals. However Lauder himself admits the limitations of the source, stating that It has a tendency to be subjective with some bias, and Inaccurate facts. 4 But as Ladler states, his purpose was not statistical detail, but to present a ‘model’ for the network of social relationships in court society, and to reveal that they placed the king in an enormous position of influence to determin e courtier’s social standing. 5 Rest Raman consults similar sources and concludes that courtesies were a new political language that redefined the way courtiers socialized and communicated, while also being a political tool for negotiating the cabal system. Raman analyses Theodore Goddesses Grand Ceremonial De France from 1619, one of the many courtesy manuals written for courtiers. 6 Absolutist monarchies did not invent courtesies, but Raman argues that these manuals justified and systematized these social codes. 7 Courtesy rules dictated the nature of social affiliations and interactions, becoming a vital political language in court society, as a means of showing or denying respect or favor to individuals and cabals. For example â€Å"hat doffing†¦ And lowered eyes† became the language of respect that carried on along the hierarchy, with the King at the top. Ere â€Å"insults to God himself, † enforcing enormous regal authority. 9 Moreover, under Louis XIV, all topics except frivolous small talk, were branded ‘discourteous,’ in an attempt to repress uprisings. 10 Both historians analyses similar sources and share the conclusion that absolutism created a new social order, designed to enforce the Kings po wer. Sarah Hanley however, argues bureaucratic models, established by the absolutist state, were important factors shaping family and gender relationships. Hanley investigates the ‘Family State Compact,’ revealing that it enforced distinct gender oleos and enshrined the patriarchal family model in legislation. This model was in turn used to explain and Justify absolutism. 11 Hanley approaches her study with an â€Å"ethnographic† perspective. 12 She states that conventional historiography has always been a uniform process of selecting documents to confirm a point, but more recent scholarship on social history now seeks to gain greater scope and depth by viewing a range of non-traditional sources. 3 From these historians may distill messages about social life. 14 Hanley use of primary government legislation and court case documents, are examples of expanding historical sources. The Marriage Regulations, Reproduction Rules and Marital Separation Arrangements ensured family finances remained under paternal authority, helped guarantee the legitimacy of children and made it harder to break up marriages and families. 1 5 B ut as Hanley indicates, the underlying purpose of these laws was to constitutionalism patriarchal control over all family affairs. 6 It was a key bureaucratic factor that helped enforce male social and economic dominance, within the family. Furthermore, the patriarchal family worked to Justify and naturalist the appointment of an absolutist ruler, who could be seen as he â€Å"husband† and â€Å"father† of the state. 17 Furthermore, Hanley examination of court cases exposes legal limitations on female political and economic privileges within their marital and civic relationships. Women gained social and economic status through marriage and childbearing, but the Compact put men in greater control these activities, disemboweling women and forcing them to break laws for economic and social survival. 18 In the Diagram- du Piqued case for example, Barber- Francoise Diagram was charged with â€Å"supposition attendant† because she faked the birth of a child to avoid becoming a childless widow and losing socioeconomic status. 9 Furthermore, this source reveals that legal structures shaped collaborative relationships between women of different social classes, as Barber sought the assistance of midwifes, paupers and a prostitute. 0 Thus while primary accounts such as Saint-Simony’s Memoirs explain social and genealogical connections at their surface, Handless wider variety of social records reveals in greater depth, the gendered social constructions that defined social relationships in the absolutist monarchy, as well as unexpected cross-class relationsh ips. Cultural manifestations of absolutism in art, gardens and entertainment were further significant factors shaping social relationships. Diverging from traditional and social historiographers, Peter Burke, Chancre Muskier and Craig Callously take an art historical concepts to court social life. He argues that the language of allegory, hyperbole and euphemism in songs, literature, sermons, painting and other mediums communicated a lofty ‘high style’ that associated the King with exalted figures and ideas. 21 For example Louis XIV was pained as SST John the Baptist and Apollo. 22 Courtiers learnt these references and conducted themselves accordingly, with grandeur and dignity. 3 In turn, this new language displayed, magnified and rationalized the King as a sublime and spiritual ruler. 24 In contrast, Muskier applies geopolitical concepts to understanding social relationships. Muskier references historian Michel Faculty’s theory that 17th century society began to view material possessions as indicators of wealth and power. 25 Increasing trade, scientific and technological innovations made material items more prominent in social gatherings and conversations. 26 Muskier argues absolutism worked within this materialist culture, valuing land the most as a material item. 7 In a geopolitical way, Kings enforced power by appropriating and manipulating land into formal gardens. In turn, this established material ownership as a language of power. 8 Material goods came to dominate social and political relationships during the 17th century. 29 Callously similarly seeks specialized research on theatre and festivals, alongside primary accounts. However he argues the political purposes of nocturnal entertainment were significant factors shaping court life. 30 For example, Baroque night time theatre developed and through its illusionist’s lighting, performa nces such as Louis Xiv Ballet De la Unit,† physically presented Louis as a ‘radiant’ King. 1 Furthermore, court diaries from Versailles reveal an increase in concerts, balls, and billiards, offering different opportunities for solicitation. 32 Nocturnal activities changed and began to characterize social life. 33 Memoirs by Louis XIV and absolutist critic Jean De La Buyer (1645-96) also divulge that night time entertainments were deliberate distractions from political issues. 34 Callously maintains Kings communicated and secured their power through nocturnal spectacles, which consequently transformed court social relationships. 35 However unlike other historians discussed, James Afar argues social relationships were shaped by concepts of ‘Honor’ that pre-dated absolutist expressions of power. Like other historians, Afar relies on a primary source: Farther Lame’s eye witness account of the trial and execution of disgraced nobleman Philippe Group. Unconventionally, Group did not confess his crime, thus preserving honor but damning his soul. 36 More important to him was maintaining honor for his family and young son. 37 Honor defined people’s positions of power and status. 38 It was treated as an item that could be appropriated through displays of respect. Lame’s text, confirmed by trial records, reveals Group bowed and spoke respectfully to colleagues and onlookers, to earn back some of the honor he had lost. 40 Through displays of respect, Group also sought favor with his patron the Prince of Condone, who could gain him a Kings pardon. 41 Fear’s study revises primary doc uments and challenges past historians such as Ladies and Rest, previously discussed. Courtesy codes, and court cabals were not Just to gain political power, but were part of a possible, albeit largely speculative, that Kings consciously manipulated this established framework of honor to their political advantage. But what Group’s trial reveals is honor was a precious commodity, and was central to the way people conversed and connected. The majority of historians discussed, agree that the most important factors shaping social relationships under the absolute monarchy, were essentially the absolute monarchy itself. Absolutism established a new laws, social customs, entertainment and art that had a dramatic impact on social relationships involving gender, class, marriage, family ties and friendships. But in contrast, historians also argue that, as in any society, there were already complex social codes that absolutism worked within. How to cite Important factors shaping social relationships under the French, Papers

US and North Korea Nuclear for Governments- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theUS and North Korea Nuclear for Governments. Answer: The nuclear relationship between the United States and North Korea is actually the outcome of years of bitterness between the two countries. The United Nations after the World War II divided on temporary basis but the failed relationship between the US and USSR. While the United States station its army in South Korea, the USSR supported North Korea. The United States Government in 1950 compelled the United Nations to support North Korea. The modern day nuclear competition between these two countries is the outcome of this support the US stills provides to South Korea. Trump administration resented growing nuclear power of North Korea as a threat to its own security and that of South Korea. North Korea keep on conducting nuclear tests which keep on fueling further tensions between the US and itself. However, in February 2018, the two nations have shown signs of negotiations when Washington said that the president would accept offers of negotiation meetings with North Korea to settle t he tension between the two nations (express.co.uk, 2018). The nuclear tensions between the United States and North Korea can be settled in two methods: Integrative Negotiation: The United States of America and North Korea can opt for integrative negotiation where the two leaders of the two countries can hold meetings to arrive at solutions to end the nuclear tensions. The governments of the two nations must trust each other and there must be transparent communication between the governments (Lewicki, Barry Saunders, 2015).